As of 2024, although Thunderbolt technology has been available for some time (the latest version is Thunderbolt 5), USB audio interfaces (2.0 or 3.0) remain the most common options on the market.
But what exactly sets them apart? And, more importantly, which one is better?
Our goal is to keep things straightforward and clear, so we'll skip the mathematics and complex calculations to provide you with a better understanding.
Bandwidth
First things first: When recording a project, you need sufficient data bandwidth to transfer analog signals (such as your voice or guitar riff) from your audio interface to your computer. A stereo project at 192k/24bit consumes around 9 Mb of bandwidth. Considering that USB 2.0 offers theoretical speeds of 480 Mbps, it's more than adequate for most requirements. These numbers clarify why USB audio interfaces continue to be the preferred choice, even in today's data-driven era.
We've also included a data speed comparison chart below for your reference:
*Since there are a few variations of USB 3.0, 3.1, 3.2, we only listed a general term "USB 3 " for easier reading and reference.
How about USB 3?
USB 3 is known for its faster data speed bandwidth compared to USB 2.0. However, as mentioned earlier, USB 2.0 offers sufficient bandwidth for most 2-input audio interfaces. If you're looking for an audio interface that works well with both PC (Windows) and Mac laptops, a USB 2.0 or 3.0 audio interface is your best bet, and we suggest checking your computer's USB specifications before diving in.
* USB connections are backwards compatible, meaning that older versions will work with newer versions at their original speed. For example, if you connect a USB 3 audio interface to a USB 2.0 port, the data speed will be at USB 2.0 speeds.
Compatibility
Next, let's talk about compatibility. USB has been around for over 20 years, so both traditional Type A and newer(modern) Type C ports are everywhere—on PCs, Macs, and more. USB audio interfaces are still the go-to choose for recording and music.
With the EU's USB C law and devices like the Apple iPhone 15 using Type C ports, it's smart to go for gear with industry-standard specs, like USB Type C ports and cables. That way, you're set for whatever the future holds.
*REMINDER: USB connector types (Type A, B, C) don't determine data transfer speed or USB version. Always check specs before buying.
Who is the hidden hero?
TLDR: Your computer's condition and specifications are the real heroes! Remember, the data bandwidth provided by USB or Thunderbolt is theoretical and can be affected by various factors on your computer. For instance, using a USB hub may share the total bandwidth and power consumption from your computer's USB port. So, it's always best to connect your audio interface directly to your computer's USB port. Read below article to know more about the hidden hero:
https://www.carver-pro.com/faq/optimitzation-guide-for-windows-10-windows-11
Further Reading:
What is USB?
https://www.sweetwater.com/sweetcare/articles/what-is-usb/
Types of Thunderbolts
https://www.etechnophiles.com/types-of-thunderbolt-differences/